Insemination

Conventional IVF (cIVF): oocytes and sperm at a specific concentration are mixed and co-cultured in a dish to allow fertilization

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): in this process, a single spermatozoon is injected directly into an oocyte using an inverted microscope and specialized micromanipulators. It is commonly employed in cases of male infertility